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T E X T I L E S

 Before the use of enzymes enzymes in the textile industry, many crude methods were used to acquire different textures. For example, jeans were washed alongside heavy stones in washing machines to acquire the faded, 'stonewashed' look. But stones easily broke the washing machines, making stonewashed jeans very expensive. Enzymes manufactured that created the stonewashed look in jeans without the use of stones saved many washing machines, making stonewashed jeans affordable for the general public. 

 Bio-Scouring

Scouring is a crucial process fabric goes through before dyeing or printing. In this process, non-fibers are removed.

Scouring allows the fabric to bleach and dye effectively. Nowdays, highly alkaline chemicals caustic soda are used. Though these they do their job and remove the non-cellulosic materials. 

(citation 3) 

 Bio-Polishing

Bio-Polishing enhances the appearence of cotton and other natural fibres. When undergoing this treatment, the strands of fibre that protrudes from the fabric is removed , creating a smoother, glossier and pigmented look. Depending on fibre and fabric type, different enzymes could be used, including cellulase. 

(citation 3) 

Desizing

The threads of cotton and blended fabrics are enwrapped in an adherant substance known as 'size' that helps protect the threads from breakage during the process of weaving. After weaving the threads into a fabric, the size must be removed in order for the fabiric to be dyed and finished off. This process of removing the size is called desizing.

Acids, Alkalis, and other chemicals can be used to desize the fabric. However starchbreaking enzymes, such as amylases work more efficiently and precisely. These enzymes completely desize the fabirc without harming it, and they are more beneficial towards the environment. 

(citation 3) (citation 4)